Messrs. Amelineau and Petrie have found the secondary tombs and have
identified the names of the following primeval kings of Egypt. We
arrange them in their apparent historical order.
1. Aha Men (?).
2. Narmer (or Betjumer) Sma (?).
3. Tjer (or Khent). Besh.
4. Tja Ati.
5. Den Semti.
6. Atjab Merpeba.
7. Semerkha Nekht.
8. Qa Sen.
9. Khasekhem (Khasekhemui)
10. Hetepsekhemui.
11. Raeneb.
12. Neneter.
13. Sekhemab Perabsen.
Two or three other names are ascribed by Prof. Petrie to the
Hierakonpolite dynasty of Upper Egypt, which, as it occurs before the
time of Mena and the Ist Dynasty, he calls "Dynasty 0." Dynasty 0,
however, is no dynasty, and in any case we should prefer to call the
"predynastic" dynasty "Dynasty I." The names of "Dynasty minus One,"
however, remain problematical, and for the present it would seem safer
to suspend judgment as to the place of the supposed royal names "Ro" and
"Ka"(Men-kaf), which Prof. Petrie supposes to have been those of two
of the kings of Upper Egypt who reigned before Mena. The king
"Sma"("Uniter") is possibly identical with Aha or Narmer, more
probably the latter. It is not necessary to detail the process by which
Egyptologists have sought to identify these thirteen kings with the
successors of Mena in the lists of kings and the Ist and IId Dynasties
of Manetho.
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